Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
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Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
Section 2 — Definitions.
Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
Section 3 — General explanations.
Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
Section 4 — Punishments.
Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
Section 5 — Commutation of sentence.
Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
Section 6 — Fractions of terms of punishment.
Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
Section 7 — Sentence may be (in certain cases of imprisonment) wholly or partly rigorous or simple.
Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
Section 8 — Amount of fine, liability in default of payment of fine, etc.
Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
Section 9 — Limit of punishment of offence made up of several offences.
Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
Section 10 — Punishment of person guilty of one of several offences, judgment stating that it is doubtful of which.
Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
Section 11 — Solitary confinement.
Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
Section 12 — Limit of solitary confinement.
Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
Section 13 — Enhanced punishment for certain offences after previous conviction.
Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
Section 14 — Act done by a person bound, or by mistake of fact believing himself bound, by law.
Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
Section 15 — Act of Judge when acting judicially.
Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
Section 16 — Act done pursuant to judgment or order of Court.
Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
Section 17 — Act done by a person justified, or by mistake of fact believing himself justified, by law.
Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
Section 18 — Accident in doing a lawful act.
Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
Section 19 — Act likely to cause harm, but done without criminal intent, and to prevent other harm.
Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
Section 20 — Act of a child under seven years of age.
Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
Section 21 — Act of a child above seven and under twelve years of age of immature understanding.
Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
Section 22 — Act of a person of unsound mind.
Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
Section 23 — Act of a person incapable of judgment by reason of intoxication caused against his will.
Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
Section 24 — Offence requiring a particular intent or knowledge committed by one who is intoxicated.
Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023
Section 25 — Act not intended and not known to be likely to cause death or grievous hurt, done by consent.
Coverage, dates and source transparency
Counts include references to existing provisions and may include historical provisions. They do not certify commencement, current enforceability or amendment completeness. Numbered and lettered provisions are separate references; repeated appearances within one Act are removed. Snapshot extraction can contain errors. Read the official Act, amendments, rules and notifications for the relevant date. Last heading correction pass: 22 October 2026. This is not a legal review date.
- Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023: index provenance ↗
- Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023: index provenance ↗
- Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam, 2023: index provenance ↗
- Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act, 2012: index provenance ↗
- Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015: index provenance ↗
- Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989: index provenance ↗
- Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988: index provenance ↗
- Narcotic Drugs And Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985: index provenance ↗
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Plain-English Act guides (4)
Editorial introductions to selected Acts. These are distinct from the statutory reference index above.
Criminal Law · 2023
Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita
The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS), 2023 is the primary criminal law of India, replacing the colonial-era Indian Penal Code, 1860. It defines offences against the human body, property, State, women and children, along with prescribed punishments.
Read guide →Criminal Procedure · 2023
Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita
The Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS), 2023 governs the procedure for investigation, arrest, trial and sentencing in criminal cases. It replaces the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 and introduces time-bound processes, mandatory forensic investigation for serious offences, and expanded use of technology.
Read guide →Evidence Law · 2023
Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam
The Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam (BSA), 2023 governs what evidence is admissible in Indian courts. It modernises the 1872 Act by expanding recognition of electronic and digital records, streamlining categories of evidence, and clarifying burden of proof.
Read guide →Criminal Law · 2012
POCSO Act
The Protection of Children from Sexual Offences (POCSO) Act, 2012 is a gender-neutral, child-first law that criminalises sexual assault, sexual harassment and pornography involving anyone below the age of 18. Trials happen in Special Courts within one year.
Read guide →